SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Stream (computing)</title>

</head>

<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Stream (computing)</span></span>

</h1>

</header>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For related concepts, see <a href="Stream_(abstract_data_type)" title="Stream (abstract data type)">Stream (abstract data type)</a>, <a href="Data_stream" title="Data stream">Data stream</a>, <a href="Bitstream" title="Bitstream">Bitstream</a>, and <a href="STREAMS" title="STREAMS">STREAMS</a>.</div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

<p>In <a href="Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a>, a <b>stream</b> is a <a href="Sequence" title="Sequence">sequence</a> of potentially unlimited <a href="Data_element" title="Data element">data elements</a> made available over time. A stream can be thought of as items on a <a href="Conveyor_belt" title="Conveyor belt">conveyor belt</a> being processed one at a time rather than in large batches. Streams are processed differently from <a href="Batch_processing" title="Batch processing">batch data</a>.

</p><p>Normal functions cannot operate on streams as a whole because they have potentially unlimited data. Formally, streams are <i><a href="Codata_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Codata (computer science)">codata</a></i> (potentially unlimited), not data (which is finite).

</p><p>Functions that operate on a stream producing another stream are known as <a href="Filter_(software)" title="Filter (software)">filters</a> and can be connected in <a href="Pipeline_(computing)" title="Pipeline (computing)">pipelines</a> in a manner analogous to <a href="Function_composition_(computer_science)" title="Function composition (computer science)">function composition</a>. Filters may operate on one item of a stream at a time or may base an item of output on multiple items of input such as a <a href="Moving_average" title="Moving average">moving average</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2></div>

<p>The term "stream" is used in a number of similar ways:

</p>

<ul><li>"Stream editing", as with <a href="Sed" title="Sed">sed</a>, <a href="Awk" class="mw-redirect" title="Awk">awk</a>, and <a href="Perl" title="Perl">perl</a>. Stream editing processes a file or files, in-place, without having to load the file(s) into a user interface. One example of such use is to do a search and replace on all the files in a directory, from the command line.</li>

<li>On <a href="Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> and related systems based on the <a href="C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C language</a>, a stream is a source or <a href="Sink_(computing)" title="Sink (computing)">sink</a> of data, usually individual bytes or <a href="Character_(computing)" title="Character (computing)">characters</a>. Streams are an abstraction used when reading or writing files, or communicating over <a href="Network_socket" title="Network socket">network sockets</a>. The <a href="Standard_streams" title="Standard streams">standard streams</a> are three streams made available to all programs.</li>

<li>I/O devices can be interpreted as streams, as they produce or consume potentially unlimited data over time.</li>

<li>In <a href="Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object-oriented programming</a>, input streams are generally implemented as <a href="Iterator" title="Iterator">iterators</a>.</li>

<li>In the <a href="Scheme_(programming_language)" title="Scheme (programming language)">Scheme language</a> and some others, a stream is a <a href="Lazy_evaluation" title="Lazy evaluation">lazily evaluated</a> or <i>delayed</i> sequence of data elements. A stream can be used similarly to a list, but later elements are only calculated when needed. Streams can therefore represent infinite <a href="Sequence" title="Sequence">sequences</a> and <a href="Series_(mathematics)" title="Series (mathematics)">series</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>In the <a href="Smalltalk" title="Smalltalk">Smalltalk</a> <a href="Standard_library" title="Standard library">standard library</a> and in other <a href="Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming languages</a> as well, a stream is an <a href="External_iterator" class="mw-redirect" title="External iterator">external iterator</a>. As in Scheme, streams can represent finite or infinite sequences.</li>

<li><a href="Stream_processing" title="Stream processing">Stream processing</a> — in <a href="Parallel_computing" title="Parallel computing">parallel processing</a>, especially in graphic processing, the term stream is applied to <a href="Computer_hardware" title="Computer hardware">hardware</a> as well as <a href="Software" title="Software">software</a>. There it defines the quasi-continuous flow of data that is processed in a <a href="Dataflow_programming" title="Dataflow programming">dataflow programming</a> language as soon as the <a href="Program_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Program state">program state</a> meets the starting condition of the stream.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2></div>

<p>Streams can be used as the underlying data type for <a href="Channel_(programming)" title="Channel (programming)">channels</a> in <a href="Interprocess_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Interprocess communication">interprocess communication</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h2></div>

<p>The term "stream" is also applied to <a href="File_system" title="File system">file system</a> <i><a href="Fork_(file_system)" title="Fork (file system)">forks</a></i>, where multiple sets of data are associated with a single filename. Most often, there is one main stream that makes up the normal file data, while additional streams contain <a href="Metadata_Encoding_and_Transmission_Standard" title="Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard">metadata</a>. Here "stream" is used to indicate "variable size data", as opposed to fixed size metadata such as <a href="Extended_file_attributes" title="Extended file attributes">extended attributes</a>, but differs from "stream" as used otherwise, meaning "data available over time, potentially infinite".

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Bitstream" title="Bitstream">Bitstream</a></li>

<li><a href="Codata_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Codata (computer science)">Codata</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_stream" title="Data stream">Data stream</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_stream_mining" title="Data stream mining">Data stream mining</a></li>

<li><a href="Traffic_flow_(computer_networking)" title="Traffic flow (computer networking)">Traffic flow (computer networking)</a></li>

<li><a href="Network_socket" title="Network socket">Network socket</a></li>

<li><a href="Streaming_algorithm" title="Streaming algorithm">Streaming algorithm</a></li>

<li><a href="Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">Streaming media</a></li>

<li><a href="Stream_processing" title="Stream processing">Stream processing</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist">

<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://srfi.schemers.org/srfi-41/srfi-41.html">SRFI 41: Streams</a></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=796530">An Approximate L1-Difference Algorithm for Massive Data Streams, 1995 Feigenbaum et al.</a></li></ul>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Data_types177" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div id="Data_types177" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Data_type" title="Data type">Data types</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Units_of_information" title="Units of information">Uninterpreted</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Ternary_numeral_system#Tryte" title="Ternary numeral system">Tryte</a></li>

<li><a href="Bit_array" title="Bit array">Bit array</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Numeric</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arbitrary-precision_arithmetic" title="Arbitrary-precision arithmetic">Arbitrary-precision or bignum</a></li>

<li><a href="Complex_data_type" title="Complex data type">Complex</a></li>

<li><a href="Decimal_data_type" title="Decimal data type">Decimal</a></li>

<li><a href="Fixed-point_arithmetic" title="Fixed-point arithmetic">Fixed point</a></li>

<li><a href="Block_floating_point" title="Block floating point">Block floating point</a></li>

<li><a href="Floating-point_arithmetic" title="Floating-point arithmetic">Floating point</a>

<ul><li>Reduced precision

<ul><li><a href="Minifloat" title="Minifloat">Minifloat</a></li>

<li><a href="Half-precision_floating-point_format" title="Half-precision floating-point format">Half precision</a></li>

<li><a href="Bfloat16_floating-point_format" title="Bfloat16 floating-point format">bfloat16</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Single-precision_floating-point_format" title="Single-precision floating-point format">Single precision</a></li>

<li><a href="Double-precision_floating-point_format" title="Double-precision floating-point format">Double precision</a></li>

<li><a href="Quadruple-precision_floating-point_format" title="Quadruple-precision floating-point format">Quadruple precision</a></li>

<li><a href="Octuple-precision_floating-point_format" title="Octuple-precision floating-point format">Octuple precision</a></li>

<li><a href="Extended_precision" title="Extended precision">Extended precision</a>

<ul><li><a href="Long_double" title="Long double">Long double</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Integer_(computer_science)" title="Integer (computer science)">Integer</a>

<ul><li><a href="Signedness" title="Signedness">signedness</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Interval_arithmetic#Implementations" title="Interval arithmetic">Interval</a></li>

<li><a href="Rational_data_type" title="Rational data type">Rational</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Pointer_(computer_programming)" title="Pointer (computer programming)">Pointer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Memory_address" title="Memory address">Address</a>

<ul><li><a href="Physical_address" title="Physical address">physical</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_address_space" title="Virtual address space">virtual</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Reference_(computer_science)" title="Reference (computer science)">Reference</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Plain_text" title="Plain text">Text</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Character_(computing)" title="Character (computing)">Character</a></li>

<li><a href="String_(computer_science)" title="String (computer science)">String</a>

<ul><li><a href="Null-terminated_string" title="Null-terminated string">null-terminated</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Composite_data_type" title="Composite data type">Composite</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Algebraic_data_type" title="Algebraic data type">Algebraic data type</a>

<ul><li><a href="Generalized_algebraic_data_type" title="Generalized algebraic data type">generalized</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Array_(data_type)" title="Array (data type)">Array</a></li>

<li><a href="Associative_array" title="Associative array">Associative array</a></li>

<li><a href="Class_(computer_programming)" title="Class (computer programming)">Class</a></li>

<li><a href="Dependent_type" title="Dependent type">Dependent</a></li>

<li><a href="Intuitionistic_type_theory#Equality_type" title="Intuitionistic type theory">Equality</a></li>

<li><a href="Inductive_type" title="Inductive type">Inductive</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersection_type" title="Intersection type">Intersection</a></li>

<li><a href="Object_(computer_science)" title="Object (computer science)">Object</a>

<ul><li><a href="Metaobject" title="Metaobject">metaobject</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Option_type" title="Option type">Option type</a></li>

<li><a href="Product_type" title="Product type">Product</a></li>

<li><a href="Record_(computer_science)" title="Record (computer science)">Record or Struct</a></li>

<li><a href="Refinement_type" title="Refinement type">Refinement</a></li>

<li><a href="Union_type" title="Union type">Union</a>

<ul><li><a href="Tagged_union" title="Tagged union">tagged</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Boolean_data_type" title="Boolean data type">Boolean</a></li>

<li><a href="Bottom_type" title="Bottom type">Bottom type</a></li>

<li><a href="Container_(abstract_data_type)" title="Container (abstract data type)">Collection</a></li>

<li><a href="Enumerated_type" title="Enumerated type">Enumerated type</a></li>

<li><a href="Exception_handling" title="Exception handling">Exception</a></li>

<li><a href="Function_type" title="Function type">Function type</a></li>

<li><a href="Opaque_data_type" title="Opaque data type">Opaque data type</a></li>

<li><a href="Recursive_data_type" title="Recursive data type">Recursive data type</a></li>

<li><a href="Semaphore_(programming)" title="Semaphore (programming)">Semaphore</a></li>

<li><a href="Strongly_typed_identifier" title="Strongly typed identifier">Strongly typed identifier</a></li>

<li><a href="Type_class" title="Type class">Type class</a></li>

<li><a href="Empty_type" title="Empty type">Empty type</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br>topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Abstract_data_type" title="Abstract data type">Abstract data type</a></li>

<li><a href="Boxing_(computer_programming)" title="Boxing (computer programming)">Boxing</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_structure" title="Data structure">Data structure</a></li>

<li><a href="Generic_programming" title="Generic programming">Generic</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Metaclass" title="Metaclass">metaclass</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Parametric_polymorphism" title="Parametric polymorphism">Parametric polymorphism</a></li>

<li><a href="Primitive_data_type" title="Primitive data type">Primitive data type</a></li>

<li><a href="Interface_(object-oriented_programming)" title="Interface (object-oriented programming)">Interface</a></li>

<li><a href="Subtyping" title="Subtyping">Subtyping</a></li>

<li><a href="Type_constructor" title="Type constructor">Type constructor</a></li>

<li><a href="Type_conversion" title="Type conversion">Type conversion</a></li>

<li><a href="Type_system" title="Type system">Type system</a></li>

<li><a href="Type_theory" title="Type theory">Type theory</a></li>

<li><a href="Variable_(computer_science)" title="Variable (computer science)">Variable</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-07-26" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Stream_(computing)&oldid=1236798425">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>